I am new to computer networking. One very simple question that comes to my mind is how two AS - geographically apart are connected with each other.
For example, If I see the http://lg.bt.net/
BT Global Services: Looking Glass
Query: Traceroute
Router: Australia Sydney AS3300 - t1a1.au-syt
Address: www.tune2wizard.com (66.96.147.82)
Tracing the route to 82.147.96.66.static.eigbox.net (66.96.147.82)
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 i-0-11-0-0.sydp01.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.220.210) [AS 4637] 4 msec
i-0-4-0-0.sydp01.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.223.10) [AS 4637] 9 msec
i-0-11-0-0.sydp01.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.220.210) [AS 4637] 5 msec
2 i-0-1-0-7.sydp-core03.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.223.9) [AS 4637] 3 msec 1 msec 2 msec
3 i-0-4-0-6.1wlt-core01.bx.telstraglobal.net (202.84.141.41) [AS 4637] 149 msec
i-0-6-0-1.1wlt-core01.bx.telstraglobal.net (202.84.249.61) [AS 4637] 152 msec
i-0-6-0-0.1wlt-core01.bx.telstraglobal.net (202.84.144.221) [AS 4637] 152 msec
4 i-0-5-0-1.tlot02.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.253.38) [AS 4637] 148 msec
i-0-5-0-0.tlot02.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.84.253.34) [AS 4637] 148 msec
i-0-0-0-5.tlot02.bi.telstraglobal.net (202.40.149.154) [AS 4637] 149 msec
5 8-3-2.edge1.LosAngels.Level3.net (4.68.70.69) [AS 3356] 148 msec 164 msec
l3-peer.tlot02.pr.telstraglobal.net (134.159.61.18) [AS 4637] 147 msec
6 ae-0-11.bar2.Boston1.Level3.net (4.69.140.90) [AS 3356] 254 msec
ge-6-12.car2.Cleveland1.Level3.net (4.69.140.178) [AS 3356] 257 msec
ae-0-11.bar2.Boston1.Level3.net (4.69.140.90) [AS 3356] 254 msec
7 ENDURANCE-I.bar2.Boston1.Level3.net (4.53.56.190) [AS 3356] 256 msec 255 msec 255 msec
8 * * *
9 82.147.96.66.static.eigbox.net (66.96.147.82) [AS 29873] 257 msec 265 msec 257 msec
This obviously tells that telestra - Australia is getting connected with edge1 - America. They are far from each other. How do they connect with each other physically? I don't think so there can be any wireless communication. Is somebody has laid these lines? How they are connected via wire? Somebody was saying that all the wires are going under the sea bed. I don't think so. So, please help me in understanding my very basic question.