I usually check the Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix and the 10-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix. However, none of them contains any reference to SG500X
Anyway: regarding the switch, SFP-H10GB-CUxM is listed in the datasheet of the 500 Series as an option for 10G connectivity, so you should have no problem to attach it to the switch. Regarding the NIC, its specification states it supports standard SFF-8431 and according to 10-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix the SFP-H10GB-CUxM does also support SFF-8431 (as you can see next), so they should be able to work toghether.
Regulatory and Standards Compliance
Standards:
• GR-20-CORE: Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber and Optical Fiber
Cable
• GR-326-CORE: Generic Requirements for Single-Mode Optical Connectors
and Jumper Assemblies
• GR-1435-CORE: Generic Requirements for Multifiber Optical Connectors
• IEEE 802.3: 10-Gigabit Ethernet
• ITU-T G.709: Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network
• ITU-T G.975: GFEC
• ITU-T G.975.1: EFEC
• SFP+ MSA SFF-8431 (Optical Modules, Active Optical Cables, and
Passive Twinax cables)
• SFP+ MSA SFF-8461 (Active Twinax cables)