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How close can unshielded CAT 5e/6/6a cables be in parallel to 110V power lines in rooms of common residential/commercial buildings before interference becomes an issue?
If proximity between the two should be avoided, would it still be an issue if the ethernet cable only comes near the power line at the heads/plugs?
Ron's pointed out the possible legal problems - here in Germany this isn't even a problem but running power and data in parallel for some length can cause errors or increase the error rate.
When I run them together on a tray I keep them apart at least 10 cm, better 20 cm - tie the power to one edge of the tray and data to the other.
You need to ask the AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction), such as your local fire or building inspector. Those are the guys who will make the final determination, and they can fine you and shut the building down until violations are remediated.
When running cabling, you should also consult the ANSI/TIA-569-C Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces. Here is an overview document, and what it says about that:
Power Separation
Co-installation of telecommunications cable and power cable is governed by applicable electrical code for safety. In addition, the following precautions should be considered in order to reduce noise coupling from sources such as electrical power wiring, radio frequency (RF) sources, large motors and generators, induction heaters, and arc welders;
- Increased physical separation
- Electrical branch circuit line, neutral, and grounding conductors should be maintained close together (e.g., twisted, sheathed, taped,
or bundled together) for minimizing inductive coupling into
telecommunications cabling- Use of surge protectors in branch circuits can further limit the propagation of electrical surges.
Use of fully enclosed, grounded metallic raceway or grounded conduit or use of cable installed close to a grounded metallic surface will also limit inductive noise coupling.
The NEC (National Electric Code), NFPA 70, also has much to say about cabling. It has been adopted by all 50 states and most local jurisdictions. It doesn't just deal with power lines; there is quite a bit of it which deals with low-voltage (network) cabling.
