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I currently have two different devices (one server and one client device) that are on separate VLANs (VLAN 5 and VLAN 10 respectively). When the client device runs a tracert to the server, the tracert is able to complete as such. 

C:\>tracert 192.168.32.200

Tracing route to 192.168.32.200 [192.168.32.200]
over a maximum of 30 hops:

 1     6 ms   <1 ms   <1ms  192.168.30.150
 2    <1 ms   <1 ms   <1ms  192.168.32.200 [192.168.32.200]

Trace complete.

C:\>

My understanding is that a layer 3 router is required to route traffic between VLANs, which we have connected to the layer 3 switch. Is this correct? Why am I not able to see the Layer 3 router's IP within the tracert output?

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Yes. Layer 3 device is required. It could be Layer 3 Switch as well. No separate router is required. According to your explanation Intervlan routing has been configured. If you have Layer 3 switch, SVI is required to communicate between vlans. According to your Explanation

192.168.30.150 will be SVI(Switch Virtual Interface) or Gateway of your current VLAN.

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You are. The first line is the interface of the router.

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  • Sorry, I did not clarify. 192.168.30.150 is the IP address of the interface VLAN that the client is sitting on. – Craken Jun 10 '19 at 16:57
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    Yes, the vlan interface is the layer 3 switch which does the routing. – Ron Trunk Jun 10 '19 at 17:10

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