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I can see any wireless modem around(networks) in internet access icon , How routers say to my computer "hey I am here ?" is it port forwarding ? upnp ? IGMP ? which protocol they send and in what port? How can I see those packet in wireshark? If I can see the packet dose it mean I can find their IP?
the protocols I mention was the first thing come in my mind because I think somehow they can be used for this action
Wireless access points transmit periodic beacon frames to announce the presence of wireless networks.
WAPs send beacon frames to the STAs, and the STAs can send probe frames. This is all part of the 802.11 standard used by Wi-Fi.
Remember that the protocols you are referring to are layer-3 or above protocols, but 802.11 defines the physical (layer-1) and data-link (layer-2) protocols.
