As of May 31, 2023, we have updated our Code of Conduct.

Questions tagged [networking]

For questions about networking in general. Any question about all on topic network devices can use this tag.

Filter by
Sorted by
Tagged with
0 votes
1 answer
11 views

How is the efficiency of Pure ALOHA derived using Poisson's Distribution?

Pure ALOHA has a vulnerable time of 2T where T is the transmission time for a single frame. Pure aloha has a maximum throughput of 18% but how is it actually derived from Poisson's distribution?
Salvino D'sa's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
26 views

VPN compatible with China's firewall [closed]

Some of my colleagues are working from China and we are looking for a compatible VPN provider for my colleagues. The requirement is to connect to the servers in public cloud providers Access the ...
Nitesh B.'s user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
23 views

How do you set an A record for any shared host? [closed]

I'm trying to use an A record to redirect my domain to a separate domain that I own. This process has worked fine with DigitalOcean Droplets -- I just add their IPv4 address in the A record and the ...
Andrew's user avatar
  • 1
0 votes
1 answer
23 views

input discards on Arista 7124SX-F

im seeing input discards on one of our uplink on Arista SW if i run sh platform fm4000 interface ethernet 22 counters verbose command it is showing smp0DropPkts which is equal to the input discards. ...
user2714949's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
23 views

Does TCP CUBIC reduce window size for an idle connection?

Does the TCP CUBIC congestion control algorithm reduce window size for a connection that has been idle for a time but has not yet timed out? For example, if an application starts sending data and ...
Cube Goldberg's user avatar
-1 votes
2 answers
41 views

How does sender find ip address of the destination (in a WAN)?

We need the destination ip and Mac address to send data right? So if I want to send some data to another host on a completely different network, how does the device find it's ip address? (Like in case ...
AgileAdventurer's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
73 views

What Happens If A Router Added To The Wrong Area Instead Of The Area 0?

Considering This Topology: Which is a part of the Practical Networking youtube educational channel, we can see three areas. The teacher said that all traffic should go through Area 0 to keep a Hub ...
Shadi's user avatar
  • 253
0 votes
1 answer
45 views

[Mininet/Miniedit]: Routing doesnt seem to work in case of 2 routers

Similar to the question asked yesterday, as a part of an experiment, my network has the following topology for two host machines connected to a router in mininet(on Ubuntu 22.04.02 Virtual Machine) ...
Toshitt Ahuja's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
82 views

[Mininet/Miniedit]: Can't get the host machines connected via a router to ping each other [closed]

As a part of an experiment, my network has the following topology for two host machines connected to a router in mininet(on Ubuntu 22.04.02 Virtual Machine) h1 - r1 - h2 The host Machine 'h1' ...
Toshitt Ahuja's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
98 views

ethernet switching table is empty | vQFX | EVE-NG

I'm new to Juniper switches. I configured vlan10 and assigned two ports to the relevant vlan. root> show vlans Routing instance VLAN name Tag Interfaces default-switch vlan10 ...
Aaqil's user avatar
  • 33
1 vote
0 answers
32 views

What is "n6" in transparent architecture (NG-RAN)?

Hello everyone! I study the NG-RAN logical architecture described in TS 38.401, baseline for NTN scenarios. I have found the picture of transparent architecture, you see below. I can not find a ...
Anna Koroleva's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
75 views

Why No Ping When Use Static and RIP in This Network?

I am a learner. I learned somewhere that we could use static and dynamic routing in the network. I built the simple network shown in the attached picture. I configured router8 with static routes to ...
Shadi's user avatar
  • 253
0 votes
0 answers
6 views

How does each OSI layer get to know the information [duplicate]

This might sound dumb but how do each layer get the information? To give a context, Lets say I enter www.google.com, the browser sends a request to the Application layer and then the HTTPs request is ...
RRHS's user avatar
  • 395
0 votes
0 answers
19 views

What is Pipe model in MPLS, and for what scenarios and situations is it used, in most simpliest terms?

I know there is Short-Pipe model and Uniform Pipe model. What is the difference between tunneled traffic PHB and tunnel PHB in Short-Pipe model?
Vladimir Pejanovic's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
42 views

In what situations is MPLS label erased from the top of the label stack in MPLS?

What are other processes that MPLS/IP routers can do with, or to MPLS label stack?
Vladimir Pejanovic's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
106 views

What issues can rise from web gui config changes then making other changes from the CLI?

I'm using a 9200L Cisco switch If I make changes in the CLI, then I make changes in the Web interface and vice versa. Will there be issues down the road with the config file getting corrupt or ...
13months's user avatar
  • 121
0 votes
1 answer
25 views

Do wiremap testers detect split pairs

I was watching a How-to video on Youtube on wiremap testers and the technician said that wiremap testers detect split pairs among other wiring faults. However, I came across a Networking question ...
Evil Twin's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
6 views

Trace Route RTO in two or more hop but next hop works [duplicate]

Today when I was doing tracert, in the 2nd & 3rd and also 4th Hop I get RTO but my next hop seems to be reachable. How come it works? Please answer asap.
VKG's user avatar
  • 1
2 votes
1 answer
30 views

Why is MPLS label added between layer 2 header and layer 3 header of OSI model and not between headers of layer 3 and 4 of OSI model?

Is there a possibility to use any other two OSI model layers' middle positions? What is the basic concept of switching of packets with MPLS on layer 2.5 of OSI Reference model?
Vladimir Pejanovic's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
95 views

What is PPP and why does it not have a MAC address?

I just wanted clarification on what exactly PPP is and why it does not have a MAC address due to having seen that under a response to a question of how routers transverse packets to their destinations....
N.C.'s user avatar
  • 3
0 votes
1 answer
63 views

How should edge switches have their routing configured (when there is a mgmt vlan in the mix)

I'm having trouble with a new network topology we are trying to implement onto our environment. The issue seems to be with the switches. The problem is not relevant to this question but for ...
shafuq's user avatar
  • 113
2 votes
2 answers
71 views

In determining the Hamming distance, how does one know what the list of valid codewords are?

Hamming distance is said to be the number of bits that differ between two codewords. If two code words differ by a distance of d, then up to d-1 bit flips can be detected. The example given for such ...
penguin99's user avatar
  • 135
0 votes
0 answers
69 views

L2 connection from the simulation network in GNS3 VM to the physical network

GNS3 VM is used to run GNS3 network simulations. How can I connect from the network in the simulation to the physical network at Layer 2? For example, create a GNS3 environment with the following ...
longer's user avatar
  • 101
1 vote
1 answer
66 views

Did I get the network ports correctly?

When we enter a URL (for example https://some-url.com) in the address bar of the browser and press Enter, then (simplified version): when the browser establishes a TCP connection, it sends a SYN ...
Petar's user avatar
  • 11
0 votes
1 answer
120 views

snmpwalk returns hex-string for interfaces without a description

nterfaces with an actual description are returned as a string, for example the interface with Device1ILO However the interfaces without a description configured, are returned as Hex-STRING 00. How can ...
Adam Nimour's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
103 views

Connecting L3 and L2 switches with VLAN settings

I have 1 L3 switch with Static ip - 192.168.0.252 Two L2 switches Switch A - 192.168.0.250 Switch B - 192.168.0.251 I have created VLANs in L3 switches with 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.2 ips abd set it ...
Arahasya's user avatar
  • 101
0 votes
1 answer
51 views

How does a client end the TCP connection when SYN+ACK is not received after multiple retransmissions? [closed]

I am trying to establish a TCP connection with a server. I added a firewall rule in the server to drop the TCP packets in order to check how the TCP client terminates. Client retransmits SYN multiple ...
Vijaykumar Ainapur's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
41 views

Are there any ASNs with 0 IP addresses? [duplicate]

Here is the list of all the US ASNs networks ranked by the number of IP addresses: https://ipinfo.io/countries/us However in the page 10, I can see some ASNs with 0 IP addresses: https://ipinfo.io/...
Loresim's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
22 views

Why would TCP ever allow a SYN for a connection in the TIME-WAIT state?

RFC 1122 says this: When a connection is closed actively, it MUST linger in TIME-WAIT state for a time 2xMSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime). However, it MAY accept a new SYN from ...
user86942's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
18 views

How is window retraction a "general" problem when segment length is less than the window scale factor?

In the RFC 7323 there is an example about window retraction: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7323#appendix-F The text also says this: This is a general problem and can happen any time the ...
user86942's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
127 views

What are common network debugging techniques?

I set up our company network several months ago. Some weeks ago, we started having some issues, and I want to find the root cause. How do you debug networking problems in general? My background is in ...
Simon A. Eugster's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
59 views

Public and Private IP address range confusion [duplicate]

class A private IP range (10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255) class A public IP range (1.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0) In these 2 public and private IP ranges, the private IP range is also included into the public ...
Sahan's user avatar
  • 1
0 votes
2 answers
43 views

Why is congestion collapse from undelivered packets not possible when there's 1 congested link?

rfc 2914 says this: The avoidance of congestion collapse from undelivered packets requires that flows avoid a scenario of a high sending rate, multiple congested links, and a persistent high packet ...
user86942's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
47 views

Why does the TCP rfc say that there shouldnt be an ACK for the left window edge sequence number?

From rfc 9293: A TCP implementation MAY send an ACK segment acknowledging RCV.NXT when a valid segment arrives that is in the window but not at the left window edge (MAY-13). But isn't RCV.NXT the ...
user86942's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
246 views

Why are TCP keep-alive messages sent with an already ACKd sequence number?

This is what the TCP rfc says about keep-alive messages: Implementers MAY include "keep-alives" in their TCP implementations (MAY-5), although this practice is not universally accepted. ...
user86942's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
12 views

How does the client verify its own SYN? [duplicate]

The TCP rfc 9293 says this: A 3WHS is necessary because sequence numbers are not tied to a global clock in the network, and TCP implementations may have different mechanisms for picking the ISNs. The ...
user86942's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
36 views

Ethernet Frame fields and Physical Frame fields

In L2 Ethernet fields we see [Preamble][SFD][src][dst][tag#][ip/tcp data payload] [FCS] [trailer?] Does the L1 Physical layer contain [IPG 12octets] field or is that part of L2. What fields sit at L1 ...
JoelP's user avatar
  • 29
1 vote
2 answers
41 views

How can I connect two servers using static IPs and two laptops using DHCP

I am currently working with two laptops and two servers which I am trying to link together. For this instance, I do not have a network connection and I will be using a switch as I'm isolating these ...
Corr's user avatar
  • 11
0 votes
2 answers
74 views

Customized IPv6 packet with multiple inner data fragments for multiple destinations

I am studying the possibilities of using IPv6 potentialities to design a customized IPv6 data packet that has the following features: 1. Combines many fragments of different data in one packet. For ...
Lee's user avatar
  • 63
0 votes
1 answer
54 views

Can somebody help me understand this static NAT example

I have the following example: From my understanding of static NAT the client makes a request on the inside global address of a resource, in this case the webserver. (http://209.165.201.5). The request ...
Rubus's user avatar
  • 295
1 vote
1 answer
42 views

TCP and Data field

Need clarification on TCP/UDP DATA field.. Does the Application Layer "Data" go inside the TCP [DATA FIELD] and all of TCP Layer with its Headers sit inside the IP [DATA FIELD], finally the ...
JoelP's user avatar
  • 29
0 votes
0 answers
8 views

Question, provisioning divisions of network blocks with differing sizes based on number of hosts required [duplicate]

I was working on this question. To do this question I used this YT video to help me and I came up with these answers but I wasn't sure about them since there are no answers to the practice questions. ...
ATT's user avatar
  • 1
9 votes
7 answers
2k views

session layer in OSI model

I'm wondering to know how session layer works. In my understanding session layer is to establish active communication sessions between two devices. Based on the OSI layer model, it works layer by ...
programmer core's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
72 views

Is there a term for application layer protocols that are responsibilities of network engineers?

In studying network engineering, it is usually taught that network engineers are responsible from physical layer up to transport layer, that is, layer 1-4 only. Obviously, HTTP or HTTPS are off-topic ...
Noob_Guy's user avatar
  • 471
1 vote
1 answer
47 views

How to define packet loss

I found that "Packet loss describes lost packets of data not reaching their destination after being transmitted across a network." So, we can say that it is a portion of transmitted packets ...
user86543's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
93 views

How to properly configure OSPF protocol?

I have this simple 3 router network that I need to configure the OSPF for, when using two routers every thing works fine and i can ping but when I add the third router nothing works left router ...
n3trunner's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
400 views

How to solve high ping "spikes" to pfSense when ipSec connections are active?

Background information: We have latency/freeze problems with our pfSense. To be able to answer the question i will first give some general background information: We run pfSense V2.6.0 on following ...
CodeNinja's user avatar
  • 219
11 votes
3 answers
8k views

Is `0.0.0.0/1` a valid IP address? If so, what does it indicate?

I know that 0.0.0.0/0 represents a default route. But I would like to understand what does 0.0.0.0/1 represents? Is it even a valid thing in networking?
Deepak's user avatar
  • 677
0 votes
1 answer
58 views

Can't find a device on my network [closed]

I have a device on my network that is at a static address (192.168.3.1). This device is connected to a network switch, that is also connected to the rest of my network. My problem is that I need to be ...
Will's user avatar
  • 1
0 votes
0 answers
12 views

What's the big deal with "192.168" in ipv4 networking addresses? [duplicate]

What's the big deal with 192.168 in ipv4? Why can't it be like: 111.473.6946? Please explain, networking experts.
KaiLando's user avatar

1
2 3 4 5
11