13
votes
Accepted
What do packets look like?
To transmit data you need a media (copper or optical fiber, for example) and each media has its own set of features than make it usable for data transmission.
For example copper is a good electrical ...
- 4,497
9
votes
Accepted
Can NIC be a bottleneck?
Of course the NIC can be a bottleneck, if you have a NIC that can only handle a link of 100mbps, you can only transfer data at a max of 100mbps through that NIC - regardless of the other hardware ...
- 206
7
votes
Accepted
F5 as a backbone router
Pushing full routes into a load balancer is about as far from best practice as you can get. Give it a default route to an actual router and a static route back to your subnets and it should be able ...
- 6,104
7
votes
What are the significance of different types of routers?
These are not different types of routers, they are different roles. It usually depends on where, topologically, the device placed in the network. Edge routers, for example, are placed at the network ...
- 67.1k
6
votes
MTU vs MSS? When to change MTU and when to change MSS?
MTU is typically a reference to the physical medium of the directly connected interface. As a general rule, you want to leave this as the maximum the medium can handle. There are occasional cases ...
- 15k
6
votes
In MPLS VPN, Which one become first? MPLS Label tag or VPN encapsulation?
I think your question is not truly correct.
First of all, as explain here
"an MPLS VPN is a VPN that is built on top of an MPLS network, usually from a service provider, to deliver connectivity ...
- 161
6
votes
Are there any global network other than the Internet?
There are quite a few global networks other than internet, mostly used for scientific research or military / diplomatic needs. They may or may not use IP as the needs of their users dictate.
For ...
- 508
6
votes
Cant ping & access HP switch on network connected on trunking mode
(Disclaimer: I am not familiar with HP switches, so I wont' be able to give proper command syntax for show/display commands).
For a first, let's leave all routing discussion aside. AS5500 an AS3100 ...
- 8,826
6
votes
Accepted
Should a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) be setup with a router at each site?
Yes. You do not want to extend Layer 2 MAN links beyond the border of each location - this is bad design for a number of reasons:
You will extend the broadcast domain of all 5 sites up to the main ...
- 9,421
5
votes
MTU vs MSS? When to change MTU and when to change MSS?
To add to the previous comment, there are two MTU settings in the network itself that needs to be set. There is the Ethernet MTU , which you set on the switches. Again, set this to the maximum ...
- 585
5
votes
Accepted
Access-list is it the same command of Access-group?
Proceeding from the assumption that you are talking about Cisco gear, it is basically as you said, they complete each other. Neither an access-list nor an access-group on its own will have any effect.
...
- 1,059
5
votes
WSN vs Ad hoc in real practice
Just so we're clear on terminology, in the 802.11 spec, Ad-Hoc is a mode of operation of the wireless client interface - this allows direct connectivity between two (or more) wireless stations that ...
- 9,421
5
votes
What is a headend device?
It's the last point of significance in a service provider's network, relative to the consumers of that service, from the point of view of the service provider.
For example,
in the days of dial up ...
- 401
5
votes
Accepted
How to use MCLAG for In Service Software Upgrade (ISSU)
I think he's referring to "zero downtime" if you're connected to multiple switches. If you're only connected to Switch A, and I reload that switch for a software update, you're obviously going to lose ...
- 31.8k
5
votes
Accepted
Are there any alternative devices to routers?
If you need to forward between different L2 segments/L3 subnets then any device actually doing that is a router by definition.
So, there's no alternative to a router (which may be a classic router, ...
- 82.7k
4
votes
Can NIC be a bottleneck?
Anything network traffic flows through can be a bottleneck. Large, popular websites usually use multiple servers behind load balancers to, among other things, keep the NIC(s) on one server from ...
- 98.8k
4
votes
Accepted
Network Routing and what makes network loop free
By contradiction: Suppose p is the shortest path across the graph and p has a loop. Remove the loop. The new loop-less path across the graph is shorter than p. We have achieved a contradiction, so our ...
- 231
4
votes
How to find the end-device causing high cpu usage in a Cisco switch?
What is driving CPU usage in a Cisco switch is probably not a single end-device. Cisco switches can normally handle a full switching load without driving the CPU utilization unusually high. This is ...
- 98.8k
4
votes
Does TCP improve the ability of IP to send really really large files?
IP is a layer-3 protocol, and TCP is a layer-4 protocol. Neither protocol understands files. An application will send data to layer-4 (TCP), and TCP will break the data into chunks and encapsulate it ...
- 98.8k
4
votes
Accepted
BGP Question please
BGP does not care if the peer is directly attached or not, as long as peers can communicate with each other, so from BGP point-of-view both topologies are strictly identical.
This is why there's an ...
- 19.5k
4
votes
Accepted
TCP Client-Server with mtu is set, Issue with fragmented packets
You are confusing MTU and MSS.
The MTU 1500 is related to ethernet, so it includes the IP and TCP headers.
Both have a minimum size of 20, so the MSS (maximum segment size) for TCP is in this case ...
- 19.5k
4
votes
Subnet and routing on IPv6
Routing works the same in IPv6 as IPv4, so yes, a /128 address can be routed.
However, you should not create subnets with prefixes longer than /64**.
RFC 7421 explains why.
** The exception is point ...
- 67.1k
4
votes
Accepted
The Difference between session and flow in networks
A flow is the data-plane stream of packets between sender and receiver that shares key IP header information. For example, a client at 10.1.1.1 port 12398 communicating with a server at 192.168.1.1 ...
- 361
4
votes
Accepted
Cant ping & access HP switch on network connected on trunking mode
You should check the portal server limitations, since it is enabled on A5500 Vlan 1 interface:
#
interface Vlan-interface1
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
portal server 1 method layer3
#
While ...
- 333
4
votes
Accepted
Cisco 3064 switch upgrade from 6.0.x to 7.0.x issue
Soution:
For testing i have download 7.0(3)I4(4) nx-os file but same issue, no luck :(
But then i decided just Install instead of verification and it works!
switch# install all nxos bootflash:nxos....
- 4,371
4
votes
Given a network switch, can we identify the devices (IP not assigned yet) connected to it?
If you can get the server to generate some traffic, you can determine the manufacturer of the NIC card from the OUI portion of the MAC address. That isn't the same as the server manufacturer, but ...
- 67.1k
4
votes
Unbundling local loop
The term "local loop" comes from analog telephony. It is also called the "last mile." The definition is not precise, and certainly things like "access medium" were never imagined when the term was ...
- 67.1k
4
votes
Deploying Virtual Stackwise Catalyst 9400
According to the documentation for Configuring Cisco StackWise Virtual
The SVL link needs to be connected to the sup-module.
StackWise Virtual Link (SVL) connections are established only through 10G ...
4
votes
Symmetric routing and asymmetric routing plz elaborate
Symmetric routing - packet takes one path towards for example google server and turn back on using the same path.
Asymmetric - packet takes one path towards for example google server and return back ...
- 453
3
votes
Accepted
Understanding the effect of transmission rate change in network
Why would congestion on that link cause the transmission rate to drop? I think you are working from an incorrect premise. You can try to run 200 Mbps through a 100 Mbps link, but the transmission rate ...
- 98.8k
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