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38 votes
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Why use SSH and VPN in combination?

The reasoning behind your current setup is probably some combination of the following three reasons. The VPN is a security solution for outside your company's network (See #1 below). SSH however, ...
NetRay's user avatar
  • 561
24 votes

Why use SSH and VPN in combination?

SSH is an extremely popular target for brute-forcing attempts. If you have an SSH server directly on the Internet, within minutes, you will see login attempts with all kinds of user names (and ...
Kevin Keane's user avatar
14 votes
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netstat -nr returning "0/1" -- what does that mean?

Some VPNs push the default gateway (a /0 netmask) as two /1 networks: 0/1 and 128/1. Since a more specific route always wins, this forces traffic to be routed via the VPN instead of over the default ...
Teun Vink's user avatar
  • 17k
9 votes

PPPoE vs L2TP protocols

The most and noticeable different is layer of tunneling. PPPOE is a Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) tunneling protocol while L2TP is a Layer 3 (Network Layer) tunneling protocol. This means that PPPOE can ...
SuB's user avatar
  • 298
8 votes
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Is VPN a layer 3 concept?

There are layer-2 and layer-3 VPNs. "VPN" is a term used for a tunnel combined with encryption. A tunneling interface encapsulates an inner packet (or frame) in an outer packet. This inner ...
Zac67's user avatar
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7 votes

Why use SSH and VPN in combination?

The VPN allows you to connect to your employer's private network and acquire an IP address of that private network. Once you're connected to the VPN, it's like you are using one of the computers ...
dr_'s user avatar
  • 1,299
7 votes

IPSec based VPN using Openswan - IP confusion

Most of your answers can be found here: http://linux.die.net/man/5/ipsec.conf To speak through them however: left will specify the IP address of the left peer, as it is seen from the right peer. ...
Eddie's user avatar
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7 votes
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How do VPN's forward network traffic? (Layer 3)

Take for example the GRE-Header (GRE is a protocol used to realize VPNs - its not often used as its not secure in any way, but the concept with encapsulation is nearly the same in every VPN connection ...
watchme's user avatar
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7 votes

Difference between WAN and VPN(tunnels)

Originally, WANs were mostly defined by specific layer 1/2 protocols (Frame Relay, HDLC, SONET, etc) that they used, but Ethernet has taken over, and the others are rapidly fading into history. The ...
Ron Trunk's user avatar
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7 votes
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Why is VPN not a protocol?

A protocol is a set of rules for how to accomplish something, and network protocols are sets of rules for how to communicate on a network. VPN is a concept, and a VPN uses protocols to accomplish the ...
Ron Maupin's user avatar
  • 98.7k
7 votes

what are the deployment scenarios for L2TP tunnel, GRE tunnel and MPLS Tunnel (l2vpn vpws)

I'm reluctant to answer this question because there are exceptions to just about any scenario. But here goes anyway. Generally speaking: MPLS is commonly used when you want to isolate the data paths ...
Ron Trunk's user avatar
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6 votes

In MPLS VPN, Which one become first? MPLS Label tag or VPN encapsulation?

I think your question is not truly correct. First of all, as explain here "an MPLS VPN is a VPN that is built on top of an MPLS network, usually from a service provider, to deliver connectivity ...
Kyrol's user avatar
  • 161
6 votes

Confused on perfect forward secrecy, someone kindly help me

The link you provided was broken, so I couldn't validate the context. But, as I contributed to the other thread, I might be in a good place to help contribute to this =). At the end of ISAKMP (Phase ...
Eddie's user avatar
  • 14.9k
6 votes

How do VPN's forward network traffic? (Layer 3)

So the short answer to your question is encapsulation. Meaning there is another set of packet headers put around the packet you are sending to a website that is taken off by the VPN endpoint. Think ...
Nick Pappin's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

Does all IP traffic go throught a SSL VPN?

This is a feature that most VPN platforms have. It's called 'split-tunneling'. And this is up to the VPN administrator. Some decide to send all traffic through the VPN tunnel and others don't.
Algeriassic's user avatar
5 votes

Does IPv6 remove the need for a VPN?

The primary point of IPv6 is that it restores the original idea of every device having a unique IP address, which restores the end-to-end concept of IP. NAT is a kludge to extend the life of IPv4 ...
Ron Maupin's user avatar
  • 98.7k
5 votes
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What is OpenVPN?

OpenVPN is both - software (access server and client) and protocol. The protocol uses TLS-encrypted UDP or TCP for transport. It can provide routed or bridged connections. OpenVPN can be used for ...
Zac67's user avatar
  • 82.6k
5 votes
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Site-to-Site IPsec VPN tunnel with an additional remote network/subnet

1 What you did is NOT enough. You have to ensure VPN configuration is updated for the additional subnet (172.20.0.0/16) at BOTH ends. To be specific, the following points need to be satisfied: At your ...
Hung Tran's user avatar
  • 3,754
5 votes
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VLANS vs. subnets for network security and segmentation

Subnets are the IP stacks way of determining what hosts are "assumed to be on link". If an address is in the same subnet traffic will be sent directly, otherwise it will be sent to a router (by ...
Peter Green's user avatar
  • 13.1k
5 votes
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How to keep an ASA tunnel up for lifetime?

You should be able to disable this in the group policy attributes. group-policy "policy_name" attributes vpn-idle-timeout none
A-A-Ron's user avatar
  • 536
5 votes
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IPSec site-to-site with/without NAT

If one site has the internal address space of 11.11.0.0/16 and the other has 10.1.1.0/24, then technically you do not have Overlapping networks on either side of the VPN tunnel. If you want the 11.11....
Eddie's user avatar
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5 votes
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Are both VPN and NAT alternative ways to provide access to a private network?

Both VPN and (destination) NAT may be used in that way. Usually, VPN is used when there's a need to access a network, secure all communication, and there's only a limited number of endpoints. VPN ...
Zac67's user avatar
  • 82.6k
5 votes

Is VPN a layer 3 concept?

Is VPN a layer 3 or 5 concept? (seems to me yes?) It's both. And it's others. The VPN software is layers 5-7, whilst commonly L3 routing is used to direct packets trough the VPN. Note that layers ...
vidarlo's user avatar
  • 346
5 votes

Why is VPN not a protocol?

As an alternative to the already excellent answer: You can distinguish protocols from higher level concepts with the following heuristic: Protocols are defined by rules Higher level concepts are ...
jonathanjo's user avatar
  • 16.2k
5 votes

Correct term for networks created for virtual machines and containers?

Under the hood, all virtualization systems, including docker, use the same mechanism: they use a software switch on the host. Such a switch can be called a "virtual switch" (but this is a bit grey ...
JFL's user avatar
  • 19.5k
5 votes
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Is it possible to build VPN remote access environment without VPN server?

VPN server is a function (or a role) that can be builtin in a router software or installed on a more generic purpose operating system (linux, windows, etc...) It is a matter of choice wether to use ...
JFL's user avatar
  • 19.5k
5 votes

Is Cisco IPsec different from ordinary IPsec?

Both Windows L2TP/IPsec and Cisco IPsec are different from ordinary IPsec. Originally the "ordinary" IPsec handshake protocol (IKEv1) did not have any features to negotiate the client's VPN ...
user1686's user avatar
  • 309
5 votes
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VPNs are working in which layer of the OSI model?

Off the top of my head, the most common would be: IPSEC (Internet Protocol SECurity) SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol) L2TPv3 (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol) As for ...
Benjamin Dale's user avatar
5 votes
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Problem with getting IKEv1 tunnel between Cisco and Palo Alto to establish a tunnel more quickly

It seems you have a wider issue that this specific message. 10 minutes to re-established a tunnel is totally abnormal. Here is a few points you should check: don't use IKEv1 anymore, switch to IKEv2 ...
JFL's user avatar
  • 19.5k
5 votes
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Difference between Zero Trust Architecture and VPN + MitM Access Rights Management at Gateway

The comparison as given makes the two solutions seem very similar. Most Zero Trust Network Access implementations do implement the mentioned features but tend to add additional features and components ...
FrameHowitzer's user avatar

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