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Out of my element here, but...imagine one person lives 100 miles away from the nearest internet exchange point, while another person lives 200 miles away, would there be a measurable difference on internet speed?

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When you say "speed," I assume you really mean "throughput" (Here's the difference).

If we assume the same bandwidth connection to the IXP (e.g., both have a 1 gigabit connection), and the same network conditions (link utilization, error rates, etc), then then the throughput will be the same.

Because of the longer distance, the first bit will arrive faster to the person 100 miles away than the other one at 200 miles. Given the propagation of light/electricity through fiber or copper, the funny cat video will start about one millisecond sooner for the first person, but it will play at the same rate.

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  • Wait, what does the "X" stand for? I was expecting someone to comment "you mean ISP - Internet Service Provider". Commented Jun 19, 2015 at 16:58
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    Internet Exchange Point en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_exchange_point I suppose practically speaking, users don't connect to IXPs, but the result is the same.
    – Ron Trunk
    Commented Jun 19, 2015 at 17:02
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Practically, you would not be able to perceive a 100 mile difference as the transmission times are near the speed of light (186,000 mi/sec). Technically, there is a difference in transmission time though.

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