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Generic Routing Encapsulation is a tunnelling protocol, used to carry network layer protocols through encapsulation inside others.

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Stuck at GRE troubleshooting with recursive route

In your case, in order to send a packet (from RA) to 192.168.1.2, RA has to encapsulate it in a GRE packet and then send it to the tunnel destination. …
Ron Trunk's user avatar
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5 votes
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How IPsec tunnel mode work without GRE

So what's the difference between GRE+IPsec and IPsec only? In GRE+IPsec the original IP packet is encapsulated in a GRE tunnel packet. The GRE packet is then encapsulated in the IPSec packet. … GRE can also encapsulate non-IP traffic, which IPsec does not support. …
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3 votes
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Why source and destination addresses should match in GRE tunnel?

One simple explanation is that R3 needs to determine which tunnel the packet came from. It's often that there may be more than one tunnel terminating on the same interface on R3. EDIT: More import …
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2 votes

GRE Tunneling on Cisco IOS - Destination Address

The tunnel destination can't be the subnet of the tunnel itself, which is what you have configured. And tunnel source does matter.
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2 votes
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Regarding Gre tunnel encapsulation

Q1: Inner Source: 1.1.1.1 Inner Dest: 4.4.4.4 Outer source: 172.16.0.1 Outer Dest: 192.16.0.2 Q2: The source address is the tunnel source, 172.16.0.1 (for R1-R4 traffic). The inner and outer addre …
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1 vote

Why does IPsec not support Multicast/Broadcast?

IPSec works in both tunnel and transport mode. In transport mode, a security association is set up between the two endpoints. To set up a "multipoint" SA requires a different mechanism for authenti …
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